Theodor Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Kaulbach (8 July 1822 - 17 September 1903) was a German painter from Bad Arolsen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont.
His father was Christian Kaulbach (1777-1847), a cabinet maker in Arolsen.
He was also the cousin and at one time the student of the painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach, son of Philipp Karl Friedrich v. Kaulbach (1775-1846), goldsmith and amateur painter.